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Failover The automatic replacement of a failed system component with a properly functioning one. Most often used in the con text of redundant external array controllers. If one of the controllers fails, failover enables the second controller to take over the failed controller ’s I/O load. See also active–active array controllers and active–passive array controllers. Fault tolerance The ability of a system to continue to perform its functions, even when one or more components have failed. Fibre Channel High-speed, serial interface capable of supporting up to 100 MB/sec. Host adapter A bus-based (PCI, EISA, ISA) hardware device, such as an add-in card or ASIC, that converts the timing and protocol of a host’s memory bus and an I/O bus. See also embedded SCSI ASIC and array adapter. Hot spare RAID storage feature that allows a spare drive (or other component) to be configured for automatic (in contrast to hot-swap) replacement and reconstruction in the event of a disk failure. Users can remain on-line and continue to access data. Also see hot swap and warm swap. Hot swap A storage system’s ability to allow the removal and replacement of a disk drive (or other component) while users are on-line and accessing data. In contrast to hot spare, this is a manual operation. Hot swap requires that the storage (or server) enclosure drive tray connectors be designed so that when a drive is removed, power is disconnected before the ground connection, and that the ground is restored before the power is reconnected upon reinsertion of the drive. This is usually accom plished by making the ground pin(s) in the drive tray connector slightly longer than the data pins. See also hot spare and warm swap. I/O - Input/Output Refers to network user data requests and host overhead such as swapping and file system activity. JBOD Just a bunch of drives. Refers to an array of drives without data redundancy. MTBF Mean time between failure. Used to measure computer component average reliability/life expectancy. MTBF is not as well- suited for measuring the reliability of array storage systems as MTDL, MTTR or MTDA (see below) because it does not account for an array’s ability to recover from a drive failure. In addition, enhanced enclosure environments used with arrays to increase uptime can further limit the applicability of MTBF ratings for array solutions. MTDA Mean time between data access (or availability). The average time before non-redundant components fail, causing data inaccessibility without loss or corruption. MTDL Mean time to data loss. The average time before the failure of an array component causes data to be lost or corrupted. MTTR Mean time to repair. The average time required to bring an array storage subsystem back to full fault tolerance. Member (disk) A disk that is in use as a member of a disk array. 15 Microprocessor-based array controller In contrast to an array adapter, a microprocessor- based array controller includes an on-board microprocess...