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You would then use the VIDEO OUT jack to connect your VCR. This will provide each device with the highest quality video signal it is capable of using. Note: If you connect your TV to one of the composite video out jacks (VIDEO OUT, S-VIDEO OUT, or TV OUT), and you view a high-definition program with the DIRECTV HD Receiver’s RESOLUTION switch set to either 720p or 1080i, the picture will be slightly cropped at the top and bottom (the very top and bottom edges of the image will not appear on the TV screen). To avoid this problem, set the RESOLUTION switch to the 480p/i position if your TV is connected to one of the composite video outputs. Also, since the RGB, COMPONENT and DVI jacks do not output the 480i video format, do not connect a standard definition TV capable of displaying only 480i video to the RGB, COMPONENT or DVI jacks. If you use the DVI jack, for the best access to high-definition programming, connect the DVI/HDCP output to the corresponding DVI/HDCP input on your High-Definition Television (HDTV) or HDTV Monitor that supports High-bandwidth Digital Content Protection (HDCP) technology. 6 Chapter 1: Technical overview Chapter 1: Technical overview Aspect ratio In addition to resolution and interlacing, HDTV is also defined by the aspect ratio of its broadcasts. Aspect ratio means the shape of the screen as defined by the ratio of the screen’s width to its height. For analog TV and SDTV, the aspect ratio is 4 units wide by 3 units high (usually written 4:3). This is the familiar shape of conventional TVs — slightly wider than they are tall. For HDTV broadcasts, the aspect ratio is 16:9 (nearly twice as wide as it is tall). This is, not coincidentally, more like the shape of movies shown in theaters. This makes HDTV an ideal format for broadcasting and viewing movies on a TV. But what happens if you are watching a nearly square-shaped 4:3 broadcast on a rectangular 16:9 TV, or vice-versa? The DIRECTV® High-Definition Receiver allows you to choose from a variety of screen formats to help you deal with those scenarios. Screen formats To deal with the mismatches that can occur between the shapes of TVs and the aspect ratios of program broadcasts, the DIRECTV HD Receiver provides you with a set of screen format controls. These controls allow you to pick a format to use for both 4:3 TVs showing 16:9 programs, and for 16:9 TVs showing 4:3 programs. Here is an explanation of the options. (Details for setting this preference are included in Chapter 7.) 7 Chapter 1: Technical overview Chapter 1: Technical overview 4:3 TVs showing 16:9 programs For a standard 4:3 TV showing a widescreen program, the program is too wide to fit on the screen. The DIRECTV® High- Definition Receiver gives you 3 ways to fix the problem: Letter box: If you choose the letter box format, the 16:9 image is shrunk until the entire width of the program fits on your TV. Since the aspect ratio of the program is maintained, the image is no longer tall enough to fill your screen, so black/gray bars are seen at the top and bottom of the screen. Full: If you set your DIRECTV HD Receiver to the Full setting, 16:9 images are shrunk to fit the width of the screen, like in the Letter box format. But instead of applying black/gray bars to the top and bottom of the screen, the program image is stretched vertically until it is tall enough to fill your screen. Your entire TV screen is full, but the program images are a little stretched to compensate for the program – to – screen mismatch. Zoom: The third screen format option is to magnify the image, keeping the 16:9 aspect ratio intact, until your entire screen is filled. This eliminates the distortion present in the Full option, but as the image becomes tall enough to fit your screen, it pushes some of the program content off the left and right edges of the screen. 8 Chapter 1: Technical overview Chapter 1: Technical overview 16:9 TVs showing 4:3 programs For a wide screen 16:9 TV showing a standard 4:3 TV program, the program is too tall to fit on the screen. The DIRECTV® High- Definition Receiver gives you 3 ways to fix the problem: Pillar box: If you choose the pillar box format, the 4:3 image is shrunk until the entire height of the program fits on your TV. Since the aspect ratio of the program is maintained, the image is no longer wide enough to fill your screen, so black/gray bars are seen at the left and right edges of the screen. Full: If you set your DIRECTV HD Receiver to the Full setting, 4:3 images are shrunk to fit the height of the screen,like in the Pillar box format. But instead of applying black/gray bars to the sides of the screen, the program image is stretched horizontally until it is wide enough to fill your screen. Your entire TV screen is full, but the program images are a little stretched to compensate for the program – to – screen mismatch. Zoom: In this option the program image is magnified until your entire screen is filled while keeping the 4:3 aspect ratio intact. Thi...