Instruções de Operação HP, Modelo HP NonStop G-Series

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4
Wide character encodings, in contrast, place each character in a 16- or 32-bit
integral type called a wchar_t, and represent a string as an array of wchar_t.
Usually it is possible to translate a string encoded in one form into the other.
Given any of these representations for strings, there remains much to do. Is a
character upper case, lower case, or neither? In a sorted list, where do you put
the names that begin with accented letters? What about the Cyrillic names?
How are wide-character strings represented on byte streams? These issues are
being addressed, in standards bodies and in corporate labs, but the results are
not very portable yet. Tools.h++ has no crystal ball, so we simply pass through
the semantics your system vendor has provided.
Tools.h++ includes two efﬁcient string types, RWCString and RWWString.
RWCString represents 8-bit strings, with some support for multibyte strings.
RWWString represents “wide strings”, strings of wchar_t . Both provide
access to Standard C Library support for local collation conventions with the
member function collate() and the global function strXForm(). In
addition, the library provides conversions between wide and multibyte
representations, via both streams and 8-bit strings. The wide- and multibyte-
character encodings used are those of the host system.
To accommodate a user’s choice of languages, a program must display titles,
menu choices, and status messages in that language. Usually such texts are
stored in a “message catalog” or “resource ﬁle”, separate from program code,
so they may be easily edited or replaced. Tools.h++ issues no messages;
though it does not yet offer much help in this area, it also imposes no policy.
While accounting principles are the same everywhere, the currencies used vary
among cultures not only in unit value, but in notation. Indeed, even raw
numbers are written differently in different places; in the U.S.A, we would say
that 2.345 is less than 2,345; but in much of Europe the reverse is true. In many
cases a program must be able to display values in the notations customary to
both the vendor and the customer.
Scheduling, which appears in many kinds of software, involves time and
calendar calculations. Local versions of the Gregorian calendar vary in their
names for the months and the days of the week, and in the order in which the
components of a date are written. Notations for the time of day vary as well.
Time representations are complicated by time zone conventions, including
Daylight Savings Time (DST) rules that vary wildly from place to place, and
from year to year in some places.
4-2
104011
Tandem Computers Incorporated

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