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Glossary
bridge
bridge. A router that connects two or more networks and forwards packets among them.
Usually, bridges operate at the physical network level. Bridges differ from repeaters:
bridges store and forward complete packets, while repeaters forward electrical signals.
broadband. A characteristic of any network technology that multiplexes multiple,
independent network carriers onto a single cable (usually using frequency-division
multiplexing). For example, a single 100-megabits/second (MB/s) broadband cable can
be divided into ten 10-MB/second carriers, with each treated as an independent Ethernet.
The advantage of broadband is that less cable is needed; the disadvantage is higher cost
for equipment.
broadcast. A packet-delivery system that delivers a copy of a given packet to all hosts that
attach to it. Broadcast can be implemented with hardware or software.
carrier sense multiple access (CSMA). A characteristic of network hardware that operates
by allowing multiple stations to contend for access to a transmission medium by
listening to determine whether it is idle.
carrier sense multiple access with collision detection (CSMA/CD). A characteristic of
network hardware that uses CSMA combined with a mechanism that allows the
hardware to detect when two stations simultaneously attempt transmission. Ethernet is
an example of a well-known network based on CSMA/CD technology.
Class A Internet address. An Internet address in which the network number is 1 through
127 (one octet); that is, the first octet of the Internet address, is in the range 1 through
127. The remaining three octets in the address are used for the subnetwork number and
host number.
The subnetwork number varies in length. The subnetwork number’s width is typically
represented by a bit mask. The rest of the available bits uniquely identify the host
connected to the subnetwork. Local area networks (LANs) connected by way of a
gateway to the Internet get their subnetwork class from the Network Information Center
(NIC). The address classes of stand-alone, or entirely private, LANs are administered by
the LAN administrator. The typical usage is to have all Class A Internet addresses for
private LANs.
Class B Internet address. An Internet address in which the network number is 128.0 through
191.255 (two octets); that is, the first octet of the Internet address, is in the range 128
through 191, and the second octet is in the range 0 through 255. The remaining two
octets in the address are used for the subnetwork number and host number.
The subnetwork number varies in length. The subnetwork number’s width is typically
represented by a bit mask. The rest of the available bits uniquely identify the host
connected to the subnetwork. Local area networks (LANs) connected by way of a
gateway to the Internet get their subnetwork class from the Network Information Center
(NIC). The address classes of stand-alone, or entirely private, LANs are administered by
the LAN administrator. The typical usage is to have all Class A Internet addresses for
private LANs.
Class C Internet address. An Internet address in which the network number is 192.0.0
through 255.255.255 (three octets); that is, the first octet of the Internet address, is in the
Open System Services NFS SCF Reference Manual— 522582-001
Glossary- 2
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